Todorovs theory:
Todorovs theory is very simple.The fictional environment begins with a state of equilibrium (everything is as it should be), It then suffers some disruption (disequilibrium).New equilibrium is produced at the end of the narrative. There are five stages in toderovs theory:

1. A state of equilibrium at the outset
2. A disruption of the equilibrium by some action
3. A recognition that there has been a disruption
4. An attempt to repair the disruption
5. A reinstatement of the equilibrium